What to Do When Your Refrigerator Stops Cooling: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Last Updated, Mar 28, 2025, 9:49 AM

A refrigerator is among the most essential appliances in any home, quietly keeping your food fresh around the clock. But when it suddenly stops cooling, it can quickly turn right into a major headache. Earlier than you panic or call in a technician, there are a number of steps you’ll be able to take to troubleshoot the problem. In many cases, a simple fix might be all that’s wanted to get your fridge back in working order. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you diagnose and possibly remedy the problem yourself.

Step 1: Check the Power Supply

It may sound apparent, but the first thing you must do is make positive the fridge is plugged in and receiving power. Check the outlet by plugging in one other equipment to confirm that it’s working. Also, inspect the power cord for any signs of damage. If your fridge is plugged right into a GFCI outlet, it might have tripped—reset it if needed.

Step 2: Inspect the Thermostat Settings

Typically, the cooling concern is so simple as an unintentionally adjusted thermostat. Make positive the temperature setting hasn’t been bumped or changed. Most fridges should be set between 35°F and 38°F (1.6°C to 3.3°C) for optimum cooling. If the dial is turned too low or set to “Off,” the compressor won’t engage, and the fridge won’t cool.

Step 3: Look for Obstructions to Airflow

Refrigerators depend on proper airflow inside and around the appliance to function efficiently. Check to ensure there’s enough space behind the fridge for air to circulate, particularly near the condenser coils. Inside the fridge, keep away from overpacking it, as blocked vents can stop cool air from circulating properly.

Step four: Clean the Condenser Coils

Dirty condenser coils are one of the vital common reasons for a fridge losing its cooling power. Situated either behind or beneath the equipment, these coils launch heat from inside the unit. If they’re covered in mud and dirt, they will’t perform properly. Use a coil brush or vacuum to clean them at least twice a year—or more usually when you’ve got pets.

Step 5: Check the Door Seals

A damaged or loose door gasket can let cold air escape, inflicting the fridge to work harder or not cool at all. Run your hand along the edge of the door to really feel for drafts. Visually inspect the seal for cracks, warping, or mold buildup. You may as well do the “dollar bill test”: shut the door on a bill and attempt to pull it out. If it slides out easily, the gasket might have replacing.

Step 6: Listen for the Compressor and Fan

When a fridge is operating properly, you’ll hear the compressor hum and the fan whirring. If it’s fully silent, it could mean the compressor or start relay is malfunctioning. On the other hand, in case you hear clicking but the compressor isn’t starting, that’s a sign the start relay may have to be replaced—a comparatively cheap part.

Step 7: Defrost the Freezer

In some cases, a buildup of ice within the freezer can block airflow to the fridge compartment. For those who discover frost on the back wall or within the vents, unplug the fridge and let it fully defrost for several hours. Then plug it back in and monitor the cooling performance. If the issue repeats, it might indicate a faulty defrost timer or heater.

Step eight: Call a Professional

In the event you’ve tried all of the above and your refrigerator is still not cooling, it may be time to call in a professional technician. Internal parts like the evaporator fan motor, thermostat control board, or compressor might require skilled repair or replacement.

A non-cooling fridge doesn’t always mean a costly repair or replacement. With a little investigation and a few fundamental maintenance, you may be able to solve the problem yourself. Acting quickly may also forestall food spoilage and more severe damage, so don’t ignore the warning signs. Regular cleaning and inspection can keep your fridge running efficiently for years to come.

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